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<title>Computer security software</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer security software</span></span>

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<p><b>Computer security software</b> or <b>cybersecurity software</b> is any <a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> designed to influence <a href="Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a>. This is often taken in the context of defending computer systems or data, yet can incorporate programs designed specifically for subverting computer systems due to their significant overlap, and the adage that the best defense is a good offense.

</p><p>The defense of <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> against intrusion and unauthorized use of <a href="Resource_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource (computer science)">resources</a> is called <i><a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a></i>. Similarly, the defense of <a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a> is called <i><a href="Network_security" title="Network security">network security</a></i>.

</p><p>The subversion of <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computers</a> or their unauthorized use is referred to using the terms <i><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a></i>, <i><a href="Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">cybercrime</a></i>, or <i><a href="Security_hacker" title="Security hacker">security hacking</a></i> (later shortened to <i>hacking</i> for further references in this article due to issues with <i><a href="Hacker" title="Hacker">hacker</a></i>, <i><a href="Hacker_culture" title="Hacker culture">hacker culture</a></i> and differences in <a href="White_hat_(computer_security)" title="White hat (computer security)">white</a>/<a href="Grey_hat" title="Grey hat">grey</a>/<a href="Black_hat_(computer_security)" title="Black hat (computer security)">black</a> 'hat' color identification).

</p><p>The computer security software products industry was launched in the second half of the 1970s when computer firms and new IT startups chose alternative paths to offer commercial access control systems to organizational mainframe computer users. These developments were led by <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>'s <a href="Resource_Access_Control_Facility" title="Resource Access Control Facility">Resource Access Control Facility</a> and SKK's Access Control Facility 2.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<p>Below, various software implementations of Cybersecurity patterns and groups outlining ways a host system attempts to secure itself and its assets from malicious interactions, this includes tools to deter both <a href="Passive_attack" title="Passive attack">passive</a> and active <a href="Threat_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat (computer)">security threats</a>. Although both security and usability are desired, today it is widely considered in computer security software that with higher security comes decreased usability, and with higher usability comes decreased security.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevent_access">Prevent access</h3></div>

<p>The primary purpose of these types of systems is to restrict and often to completely prevent access to computers or data except to a very limited set of users. The theory is often that if a key, credential, or token is unavailable then access should be impossible. This often involves taking valuable information and then either reducing it to apparent noise or hiding it within another source of information in such a way that it is unrecoverable.

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<ul><li><a href="Cryptography" title="Cryptography">Cryptography</a> and <a href="Encryption_software" title="Encryption software">Encryption software</a></li>

<li><a href="Steganography" title="Steganography">Steganography</a> and <a href="Steganography_tools" title="Steganography tools">Steganography tools</a></li></ul>

<p>A critical tool used in developing software that prevents malicious access is <i>Threat Modeling</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threat modeling is the process of creating and applying mock situations where an attacker could be trying to maliciously access data in <a href="Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">cyberspace</a>. By doing this, various profiles of potential attackers are created, including their intentions, and a catalog of potential vulnerabilities are created for the respective organization to fix before a real threat arises.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threat modeling covers a wide aspect of cyberspace, including devices, applications, systems, networks, or enterprises. Cyber threat modeling can inform organizations with their efforts pertaining to cybersecurity in the following ways:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>Risk Management</li>

<li>Profiling of current cybersecurity applications</li>

<li>Considerations for future security implementations</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulate_access">Regulate access</h3></div>

<p>The purpose of these types of systems is usually to restrict access to computers or data while still allowing interaction. Often this involves monitoring or checking credential, separating systems from access and view based on importance, and quarantining or isolating perceived dangers. A physical comparison is often made to a shield. A form of protection whose use is heavily dependent on the system owners preferences and perceived threats. Large numbers of users may be allowed relatively low-level access with limited security checks, yet significant opposition will then be applied toward users attempting to move toward critical areas.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></li>

<li><a href="Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">Firewall</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">Sandbox</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monitor_access">Monitor access</h3></div>

<p>The purpose of these types of software systems is to monitor access to computers systems and data while reporting or logging the behavior. Often this is composed of large quantities of low priority data records / logs, coupled with high priority notices for unusual or suspicious behavior.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Diagnostic_program" title="Diagnostic program">Diagnostic program</a></li>

<li><a href="Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a> (IDS)</li>

<li><a href="Intrusion_prevention_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion prevention system">Intrusion prevention system</a> (IPS)</li>

<li><a href="Log_management_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Log management software">Log management software</a></li>

<li><a href="Records_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Records Management">Records Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_information_management" title="Security information management">Security information management</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_event_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Security event manager">Security event management</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_information_and_event_management" title="Security information and event management">Security information and event management</a> (SIEM)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surveillance_monitor">Surveillance monitor</h4></div>

<p>These programs use algorithms either stolen from, or provided by, the police and military internet observation organizations to provide the equivalent of a police <a href="Radio_scanner" title="Radio scanner">Radio scanner</a>. Most of these systems are born out of <a href="Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">mass surveillance</a> concepts for internet traffic, cell phone communication, and physical systems like <a href="CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTV</a>. In a global perspective they are related to the fields of <a href="SIGINT" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGINT">SIGINT</a> and <a href="ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> and approach <a href="Geospatial_intelligence" title="Geospatial intelligence">GEOINT</a> in the global information monitoring perspective. Several instant messaging programs such as <a href="ICQ" title="ICQ">ICQ</a> (founded by "former" members of <a href="Unit_8200" title="Unit 8200">Unit 8200</a>), or <a href="WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a> and <a href="QQ" class="mw-redirect" title="QQ">QQ</a> (rumored <a href="3PLA" class="mw-redirect" title="3PLA">3PLA</a>/<a href="4PLA" class="mw-redirect" title="4PLA">4PLA</a> connections<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) may represent extensions of these observation apparati.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Block_or_remove_malware">Block or remove malware</h3></div>

<p>The purpose of these types of software is to remove malicious or harmful forms of software that may compromise the security of a computer system. These types of software are often closely linked with software for computer regulation and monitoring. A physical comparison to a doctor, scrubbing, or cleaning ideas is often made, usually with an "anti-" style naming scheme related to a particular threat type. Threats and unusual behavior are identified by a system such as a firewall or an intrusion detection system, and then the following types of software are used to remove them. These types of software often require extensive research into their potential foes to achieve complete success, similar to the way that complete eradication of bacteria or viral threats does in the physical world. Occasionally this also represents defeating an attackers encryption, such as in the case of data tracing, or hardened threat removal.

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<ul><li><a href="Anti-keylogger" title="Anti-keylogger">Anti-keyloggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-malware" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-malware">Anti-malware</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-spyware" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-spyware">Anti-spyware</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-subversion_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-subversion software">Anti-subversion software</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-tamper_software" title="Anti-tamper software">Anti-tamper software</a></li>

<li><a href="Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_management_software" title="Emergency management software">Emergency management software</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_Workload_Protection_Platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud Workload Protection Platforms">Cloud Workload Protection Platforms</a></li>

<li>Computer Antivirus Software</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFYost2015" class="citation journal cs1">Yost, Jeffrey R. (2015). "The Origin and Early History of the Computer Security Software Products Industry". <i>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</i>. <b>37</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">46–</span>58. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.2015.21">10.1109/MAHC.2015.21</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarragán2017" class="citation book cs1">Barragán, Claudio Casado (2017). <i>Information Technology - New Generations</i>. Springer International Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">395–</span>398. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9783319549774</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBodeauMcCollumFox2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bodeau, Deborah J.; McCollum, Catherine D.; Fox, David B. (2018-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1108051">"Cyber Threat Modeling: Survey, Assessment, and Representative Framework"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929040958/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1108051">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2021.</cite> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (help)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/threat-modeling-12-available-methods/">"Threat Modeling: 12 Available Methods"</a>. <i>SEI Blog</i>. 2 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Andy (2005). <i>Risk management for computer security : Protecting your network and information assets</i>. Debi Ashenden. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-08-049155-4</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/159937634">159937634</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2017" class="citation news cs1">O'Neill, Patrick Howell (3 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cyberscoop.com/chinese-cybercriminals-speak-in-code-to-hide-from-government-surveillance/">"Under tough surveillance, China's cybercriminals find creative ways to chat"</a>. SNG. cyberscoop<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDasgupta2020" class="citation news cs1">Dasgupta, Binayak (1 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mass-surveillance-threat-real-with-chinese-apps-says-cybersecurity-experts/story-HphmVO6k2D8kiRMqoD4NgI.html">"Mass surveillance risk real with Chinese apps: Experts"</a>. Hindustan Times, New Delhi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Information_security92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Information_security" title="Information security">Information security</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Threat_(computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threat (computer)">Threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adware" title="Adware">Adware</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced persistent threat</a></li>

<li><a href="Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">Arbitrary code execution</a></li>

<li><a href="Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">Backdoors</a></li>

<li>Bombs

<li><a href="Logic_bomb" title="Logic bomb">Logic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_backdoor" title="Hardware backdoor">Hardware backdoors</a></li>

<li><a href="Code_injection" title="Code injection">Code injection</a></li>

<li><a href="Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-site_leaks" title="Cross-site leaks">Cross-site leaks</a></li>

<li><a href="DOM_clobbering" title="DOM clobbering">DOM clobbering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_sniffing" title="History sniffing">History sniffing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptojacking" title="Cryptojacking">Cryptojacking</a></li>

<li><a href="Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnets</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_breach" title="Data breach">Data breach</a></li>

<li><a href="Drive-by_download" title="Drive-by download">Drive-by download</a></li>

<li><a href="Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Objects</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Viruses</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_scraping" title="Data scraping">Data scraping</a></li>

<li><a href="Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Denial-of-service attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a></li>

<li><a href="Email_fraud" title="Email fraud">Email fraud</a></li>

<li><a href="Email_spoofing" title="Email spoofing">Email spoofing</a></li>

<li><a href="Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">Exploits</a></li>

<li><a href="Dialer#Fraudulent_dialer" title="Dialer">Fraudulent dialers</a></li>

<li><a href="Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Insecure_direct_object_reference" title="Insecure direct object reference">Insecure direct object reference</a></li>

<li><a href="Keystroke_logging" title="Keystroke logging">Keystroke loggers</a></li>

<li><a href="Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></li>

<li><a href="Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">Payload</a></li>

<li><a href="Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Polymorphic_engine" title="Polymorphic engine">Polymorphic engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Privilege_escalation" title="Privilege escalation">Privilege escalation</a></li>

<li><a href="Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li>

<li><a href="Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkits</a></li>

<li><a href="Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shellcode" title="Shellcode">Shellcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Spamming" title="Spamming">Spamming</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_bug" title="Software bug">Software bugs</a></li>

<li><a href="Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horses</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_Trojan" title="Hardware Trojan">Hardware Trojans</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_access_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote access trojan">Remote access trojans</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulnerability_(computer_security)" title="Vulnerability (computer security)">Vulnerability</a></li>

<li><a href="Web_shell" title="Web shell">Web shells</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiper_(malware)" title="Wiper (malware)">Wiper</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worms</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injection</a></li>

<li><a href="Rogue_security_software" title="Rogue security software">Rogue security software</a></li>

<li><a href="Zombie_(computing)" title="Zombie (computing)">Zombie</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a>

<ul><li><a href="Secure_coding" title="Secure coding">Secure coding</a></li>

<li>Secure by default</li>

<li><a href="Secure_by_design" title="Secure by design">Secure by design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Misuse_case" title="Misuse case">Misuse case</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Computer access control</a>

<ul><li><a href="Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a>

<ul><li><a href="Multi-factor_authentication" title="Multi-factor authentication">Multi-factor authentication</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Authorization" title="Authorization">Authorization</a></li></ul></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></li>

<li><a href="Security-focused_operating_system" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Data-centric_security" title="Data-centric security">Data-centric security</a></li>

<li><a href="Obfuscation_(software)" title="Obfuscation (software)">Software obfuscation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_masking" title="Data masking">Data masking</a></li>

<li><a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">Firewall</a></li>

<li><a href="Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a>

<ul><li><a href="Host-based_intrusion_detection_system" title="Host-based intrusion detection system">Host-based intrusion detection system</a> (HIDS)</li>

<li><a href="Anomaly_detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Information_security_management" title="Information security management">Information security management</a>

<ul><li><a href="Information_risk_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Information risk management">Information risk management</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_information_and_event_management" title="Security information and event management">Security information and event management</a> (SIEM)</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Runtime_application_self-protection" title="Runtime application self-protection">Runtime application self-protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Site_isolation" title="Site isolation">Site isolation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br>security<br>topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_security" title="Automotive security">Automotive security</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_fraud" title="Computer fraud">Computer fraud</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Mobile security</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_security" title="Network security">Network security</a></li>

<li><a href="Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Computer_security_software&oldid=1300914469">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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